Human exposure to chemicals occurs via the environment, foodstuffs and direct contact. Chemicals enter the environment via natural sources and as a result of human activities such as industry and transport.
Human biomonitoring allows detection of human exposure to polluting substances, and its early biological effects in human body.
Integrated risk assessment studies model the exposure and in so doing use information on environmental measurement data, population statistics and knowledge of human activities. This identifies the main sources and routes of exposure.